Application of Bluetooth technology in automotive electronic devices

First, the development of Bluetooth technology

Bluetooth technology is named after the Danish King Harald Bluetooth, which unified the country in the 10th century. The Danish king, who is different and has outstanding achievements, did not think that his name would become a synonym for high-tech after thousands of years and it would be heard all over the world. The Chinese translation of the blue sprout can be said to be a pun intended.

Bluetooth (Bluetooth) is a Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group) initiated by Toshiba, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, and Nokia. It has been promoted by a technical standard open strategy. The organization was established in May 1998. . On December 1, 1999, the US software giant Microsoft also changed its attitude of watching and watching, officially announced to join the Bluetooth special interest group, and together with 3Com, Lucent, Motorola and the original five companies to become a Bluetooth special interest group. Nine leadership members work together to bring this wireless connectivity technology standard to market worldwide. By November 2000, since its inception, the Bluetooth Special Interest Group SIG has joined more than 2,000 companies, including AMD, Compaq, DELL, HP, TI, Qualcomm, and Casio, Philips, and Samsung. , LG, Seiko, Sharp and many other world-renowned computer industry, communications and consumer electronics, and even car and camera manufacturers and manufacturers. An open, globally unified technical specification has received such widespread attention and support from the industry. It is rare in the past. The reason behind the scenes is that the products based on this Bluetooth technology have broad application prospects and huge potential market. The authoritative magazine "Network Computing" has rated Bluetooth and 802.11b wireless LAN and broadband technology as "Top Ten New Technology Products in Ten Years." It can be expected that Bluetooth technology will give people a modern information society to work and live. The way to bring a new revolution. In the near future, Bluetooth-based products will form a new wave, unstoppably sweeping the globe.

Second, Bluetooth technology

Bluetooth is an extremely advanced technology standard for high-capacity short-range wireless digital communication. Its goal is to achieve a maximum data transmission speed of 1 Mbps (effective transmission speed of 721 Kbps) and a maximum transmission distance of 10 cm to 10 m, by increasing the transmission power. It reaches 100 meters. The transceiver used is a 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band that can be used without any application, and 79 channels with a frequency of 1 MHz are set thereon, switching 1600 times per second, hobbing. Spectrum diffusion technology to realize the transmission and reception of radio waves, and can simultaneously support synchronous communication and asynchronous communication.

A device using Bluetooth technology can form a so-called Bluetooth piconet (Piconet) with other seven devices, sharing a bandwidth of 1 Mbps, and a Bluetooth device can simultaneously join 8 different piconets, each with 1 Mbps. Transmission bandwidth. In operation, more than two devices share a single channel to form a piconet, and one of the devices dominates the transmission volume. Since each device can also belong to different micro-networks at the same time, each Bluetooth device can be interconnected through the network to transmit information to each other. When the device is not connected to the Bluetooth micro network, it will enter the standby state first. In this state, the paging message will be monitored at any time, until the received signal is related to its own identification code, and it will start itself and call the link program. The identification of the identification code and the synchronization of the signal time are performed to determine the frequency hopping backwards, thereby establishing a micro network. In such a micro-network, users will no longer be bound by various cables, and it is easy to have a valuable personal space, and enjoy unlimited freedom.

With Bluetooth technology, all related devices can exchange information and transfer data within a valid range through a microelectronic chip with program embedded on the electronic device. It eliminates the need for cable devices that interconnect mobile phones, personal information processing systems, and other electronic devices.

Of course, as a close-range wireless communication technology, Bluetooth technology is not unique. But compared with other corresponding wireless communication technologies, the advantage of Bluetooth technology lies in its global unified and open technical standards. Bluetooth can transmit audio and video data, and others are impossible. In addition, Bluetooth can transmit data not only through the object, but also in the direction of the receiving module. This is not possible with infrared transmission. Bluetooth has a clear advantage for mobile devices. The biggest advantage of Bluetooth is that when updating the network backbone, if you use the Bluetooth architecture, the cost of using the overall network is definitely lower than laying the cable.

Third, the application in automotive electronic devices

Although Bluetooth technology has appeared for a long time, it has received much attention. Its application prospects in automotive electronic devices are very promising. At the beginning, Bluetooth technology was mainly used in the telephone industry. But in the future there will be more service delivery, remote vehicle condition diagnosis, vehicle safety system, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, multimedia downloading, etc. will be realized.

ABI's survey of automotive and wireless technologies shows that with the use of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi (802.11) wireless technology in cars, the environment inside and outside the car is undergoing revolutionary changes. In the future, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth will be used. Based automotive applications will bring new opportunities to a wide range of industries, from silicon providers to hardware manufacturers, auto manufacturers, and gasoline retailers.

Telecommunications is becoming a driving force for Bluetooth technology in the automotive industry. On the other hand, the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) allocation of the 5.850 to 5.925 GHz band for DSRC (Narrowband Communications) is driving Wi-Fi. Based on this, it will further promote interoperable Wi-Fi-based car services such as charging, mobile commerce and entertainment.

However, it may take about two years to use 802.11 hardware in the car's production process, but Bluetooth-enabled devices will be available in several models in the US, Japan, and Europe. According to the report, about 20% of new cars will be embedded in Bluetooth hardware before 2008, and about 18% of cars will be embedded in 802.11 hardware.

Delphi Automotive Systems has developed a car Bluetooth device that allows drivers and passengers to use voice control; Toyota, Japan Denso, NTTDOCOMO, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. and Toshiba have jointly developed a car that uses Bluetooth technology. Internal wireless hands-free specification - "CCAP". With this specification, the mobile phone wirelessly connects to the car audio and other devices via Bluetooth technology, and can construct a more secure call system while driving. Motorola also introduced a Bluetooth car kit for car manufacturers. With it, the user can control the handheld Bluetooth device to communicate wirelessly with the car device, such as wireless remote control to open the door and wirelessly exchange the database with the in-vehicle vehicle detection system. In-vehicle devices with Bluetooth technology will make it easy to download music, videos and send e-mails over the Internet in the car.

At the same time, Bluetooth technology allows users to connect mobile phones and on-board computers while driving. Even if your car computer is turned off, you can “delegate” Bluetooth to find relevant information and solve the problem while driving. In addition, with Bluetooth technology, drivers can read email headers and check emails at any time via the mobile phone screen, and even download audio and video content, all of which make the dream of car networking possible. More importantly, Bluetooth can help all parts of the car's data processor to wirelessly connect, so that all information devices on the car are digitized, including car compartments, engines, chassis, appliances, seats, etc., so that the car truly realizes the network. And wisdom. The user can pre-launch the car through the mobile phone within a short range of proximity to his car, so that he can leave at any time.

Some technicians expect that if a car fails in the future, the fault code will be displayed on the computer screen immediately. The driver can send an E-mail to the designated vehicle repair center via "Bluetooth" technology. The engineer can remotely determine the location and cause of the fault and review the solution by looking at the fault code and the vehicle related data retrieved from the database. The data is then returned to the driver, who completes the data correction and fault elimination immediately. There is no doubt that "Bluetooth" technology has gradually extended to the automotive field, which will revolutionize the interior and exterior of the car.

However, the pace of adoption of Bluetooth technology in the automotive industry has been slow so far, mainly because the automotive industry's reliability requirements and environmental challenges are much higher than those of desktop equipment. Most of the car users who spend at least $20,000 on a new car are generally tolerant of small computational failures that are acceptable for desktop systems. When the car is driving, it will encounter uneven road surface. Under different external environments, the temperature variation in the car may range from -40 to 185 °F, which is very unfavorable for the in-vehicle electronic equipment.

Malhotra said: "If you want to use a phone or other hands-free electronics in your car, you have to consider some technical issues," said Frank Viquez, an analyst at United Business Information. "Extreme temperature conditions and shock vibrations are by far. "The main obstacles affecting the popularity of Bluetooth products in the automotive industry," Viquez said. "But we are beginning to see a major turnaround."

CRS recently announced the new Bluecore-2 external chip, which can handle car hands-free mobile phones and adapt to the harsh environment of -40-85 °C. The chip has already begun mass production, with features that support hands-free and other protocol layers, such as the host controller interface, eliminating the need for separate processors. CSR also provides reference designs including chips and support circuits to automotive manufacturers and first-tier suppliers that develop Bluetooth systems.

Infineon Technologies and Broadcom have also introduced Bluetooth chips that can operate over the automotive temperature range. It is said that Infineon's BlueMoon single chip and Broadcom's BCM2033 single-chip Bluetooth system have the ability to work normally from -40 to 105 °C. Infineon also claims that its chips have passed the Bluetooth SIG (Bluetooth Special Interest Group) certification in the temperature range of -40-105 °C. The advent of these chips is critical to the introduction of Bluetooth short-range wireless technology into vehicles. To further promote the widespread use of Bluetooth in the automotive industry, groups such as AMI-C and SIG also announced that they will work to accelerate the drafting of standards. AMI-C expects to establish specifications that standardize the way drivers interact with Bluetooth-based products. According to them, these standards will help reduce driver identification. AMI-C also announced plans to address electromagnetic interference issues with other devices, such as satellite broadcast receivers operating at the same or adjacent frequencies. Malhotra said, "At the moment, we are not sure about whether the out-of-band communication of Bluetooth devices and satellite broadcasting will interfere with each other."

Other Bluetooth providers are also checking for issues such as security. Gordon Mella, director of marketing at Rappore Technologies, believes that in-car Bluetooth devices can transmit signals that may be intercepted by nearby vehicles. "Most people don't fully understand the meaning of locking their ports," he said. "But we need to convince our customers that hackers can't break into their own networks." The company recently released a software technology called Rappore Shield v1.0. , applied to Bluetooth devices to solve potential security problems.

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