1. The main difference between Layer 3 switches and routers The reason why some people are confused about the difference between Layer 3 switches and routers is that Layer 3 switches also have a "routing" function, which is generally consistent with the routing function of traditional routers. . Nonetheless, there are still substantial differences between Layer 3 switches and routers, which are introduced below. 1. Different main functions Although both Layer 3 switches and routers have routing functions, we cannot equate them for this. Just as many network devices now have multiple traditional network device functions at the same time, just as there are many broadband routers that not only have routing functions, but also provide The switch port and hardware firewall function are included, but it cannot be equated with the switch or firewall. Because the main function of these routers is still the routing function, the other functions are just additional functions. The purpose is to make the equipment more applicable and make it more practical. The same applies to the three-layer switch here. It is still a switch product, but it is a switch with some basic routing functions, and its main function is still data exchange. In other words, it has both data exchange and routing routing functions, but its main function is still data exchange; and the router has only one main function of routing and forwarding. 2. The main applicable environment is different The routing function of the Layer 3 switch is usually relatively simple, because it mainly faces a simple LAN connection. Because of this, the routing function of Layer 3 switches is usually relatively simple, and the routing path is far less complicated than routers. Its main use in LAN is to provide fast data exchange function to meet the characteristics of frequent data exchange in LAN. The router is different. Its initial design is to meet different types of network connections. Although it is also suitable for the connection between LANs, its routing function is more reflected in the interconnection between different types of networks, such as LAN The connection with the wide area network, the connection between networks of different protocols, etc., so the router is mainly used between different types of networks. Its main function is routing and forwarding, and it is its ultimate purpose to solve the connection of various complex routing paths. Therefore, the routing function of routers is usually very powerful. It is not only applicable to LANs with the same protocol, but also suitable for different protocols. Between LAN and WAN. Its advantage lies in choosing the best route, load sharing, link backup and routing information exchange with other networks, etc. Router has the functions. In order to connect with various types of networks, the interface types of routers are very rich, and layer 3 switches are generally only the same type of LAN interface, which is very simple. 3. Performance is different Technically speaking, there is a clear difference between the router and the layer 3 switch in data packet switching operations. The router is generally executed by the microprocessor-based software routing engine to perform data packet switching, while the three-layer switch performs data packet switching through hardware. After routing the first data flow, the layer 3 switch will generate a mapping table of MAC addresses and IP addresses. When the same data flow passes again, it will directly pass from the layer 2 according to this table instead of routing again. , Which eliminates the network delay caused by router routing and improves the efficiency of data packet forwarding. At the same time, the routing lookup of the layer 3 switch is directed to the data stream. It uses cache technology and is easily implemented using ASIC technology. Therefore, it can greatly save costs and achieve fast forwarding. The forwarding of the router uses the longest matching method, which is complicated to implement, and is usually implemented by software, and the forwarding efficiency is low. Because of this, compared with the overall performance, the performance of the layer 3 switch is much better than that of the router, which is very suitable for the LAN with frequent data exchange; and although the router has a very powerful routing function, its packet forwarding efficiency is much lower than Layer 3 switches are more suitable for the interconnection of different types of networks where data exchange is not very frequent, such as the interconnection of LAN and Internet. If routers, especially high-end routers, are used in the LAN, it is a waste to a considerable extent (in terms of its powerful routing function), and it cannot meet the communication performance requirements of the LAN well, affecting the inter-subnet Normal communication. To sum up, there is still a very substantial difference between the three-layer switch and the router. Regardless of the aspect, for multi-subnet connections in a local area network, it is best to choose a Layer 3 switch, especially in an environment where data exchange between different subnets is frequent. On the one hand, it can ensure the communication performance requirements between the subnets, on the other hand, it saves the investment of purchasing additional switches. Of course, if the communication between the subnets is not very frequent, it is understandable to use a router, and it can also achieve the purpose of safely isolating the subnets from each other. It depends on the actual needs. 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