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Oscilloscope usage and steps and related precautions
An oscilloscope is one of the most commonly used tools in electronics, allowing users to visualize electrical signals that are otherwise invisible. By converting these signals into visible waveforms, it helps engineers and technicians analyze and understand the behavior of various electrical phenomena over time. In traditional analog oscilloscopes, a narrow beam of high-speed electrons hits a phosphor-coated screen, creating a small spot. As the signal under test changes, this electron beam acts like a pen, drawing the waveform on the screen.
The oscilloscope is not only useful for observing waveforms but also for measuring critical parameters such as voltage, current, frequency, phase difference, and amplitude modulation. It plays a vital role in testing and troubleshooting electronic circuits, making it an essential tool in both educational and industrial settings.
To use an oscilloscope effectively, it's important to understand its basic controls and functions. The power switch turns the device on and off, while the intensity and focus knobs adjust the brightness and sharpness of the display. The screen illumination can be adjusted depending on the ambient lighting conditions.
When connecting the oscilloscope to a circuit, the probe must be properly connected. The ground clip of the probe should be attached to the circuit’s ground, and the tip should touch the point being measured. Most probes have a switch that allows you to choose between X1 and X10 attenuation modes. At X1, the signal is passed without reduction, while at X10, it is reduced by 10 times, requiring a multiplication factor when reading the actual voltage.
The vertical and horizontal deflection controls determine how the waveform is displayed on the screen. These settings can be fine-tuned using the corresponding knobs. The oscilloscope also has input channels (CH1, CH2, or DUAL) and coupling modes (AC, DC, or GND), which allow you to select the type of signal you want to observe.
Triggering is another key feature that ensures the waveform remains stable on the screen. Different trigger modes, such as Normal, Auto, TV, and Peak Auto, offer flexibility depending on the type of signal being analyzed. Scanning modes—Auto, Normal, and Single—determine how the waveform is captured and displayed.
To measure amplitude and frequency, you can use the calibration signal provided by the oscilloscope. For example, by connecting the probe to the calibration output, adjusting the vertical and horizontal controls, and counting the number of divisions the waveform occupies, you can calculate the actual values. This process is essential for ensuring the accuracy of the oscilloscope’s internal measurements. If any discrepancies are found, the internal potentiometers can be adjusted accordingly.