Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a cutting-edge, non-contact automatic identification technology that relies on radio frequency communication to identify and track objects. Unlike traditional methods, RFID can operate effectively in various harsh environments and quickly recognize multiple high-speed moving objects through attached tags. Its ability to provide fast and accurate identification has made it increasingly popular among major manufacturers. RFID holds significant potential in fields such as warehousing logistics, product anti-counterfeiting, supply chain management, and maintenance tracking. This article explores the fundamental principles of RFID technology and its applications in supply chain management, security, and mobile tracking. While RFID offers numerous advantages, it still faces several challenges and requires further research for broader adoption. In recent years, RFID technology has emerged as a mainstream solution for rapid item identification. Unlike older barcode systems, which require close proximity between the scanner and the code, RFID enables long-distance recognition through radio signals. RFID tags can store and transmit detailed information such as product manufacturer, type, and environmental data without the need for linear barcodes. Additionally, RFID systems can automatically recognize tags from multiple directions, significantly improving accuracy compared to traditional barcode scanning methods. Although RFID was initially hindered by high costs, the continuous advancement of the electronics industry has led to smaller, more integrated devices. As a result, the cost of RFID components has steadily decreased, allowing them to compete with conventional barcode solutions. In large commercial settings, RFID provides an unmatched advantage in inventory control and product tracking, making it a preferred choice for many businesses. RFID is a non-contact automatic identification system that uses radio frequency signals to detect and communicate with tagged objects. The core component of this system is the RFID tag, which contains a transponder capable of sending unique signals to the reader. Most RFID tags have a serial ID, such as a SKU number, which allows the reader to access related data from a database. Some tags also feature readable and writable memory, enabling them to store additional information for different readers. The basic working principle of an RFID system is illustrated in Figure 1. RFID tags are typically categorized into active and passive types based on their power source. Active RFID tags are equipped with their own power supply, such as a battery, allowing them to transmit stronger signals over longer distances. Passive tags, on the other hand, derive their energy from the electromagnetic field generated by the reader. Similarly, RFID readers can be classified as active or passive depending on the type of tag they are designed to read. 1.1 Active Tags Active RFID tags have an internal power source, usually a battery, which allows them to send stronger signals and operate over greater distances. This makes them ideal for long-range identification tasks, such as tracking large vehicles or aircraft. These tags can be in a sleep mode when not in use and can also broadcast continuously if needed. They typically operate at higher frequencies, such as 455 MHz, 2.45 GHz, and 5.8 GHz, and can be read from distances ranging between 20 meters to 100 meters, depending on the application requirements. 1.2 Passive Tags Passive RFID tags do not have an internal power source and rely entirely on the energy provided by the reader’s electromagnetic field. When a passive tag enters the reader’s range, it generates a small current through electromagnetic induction, which is stored in a capacitor. Once enough energy is accumulated, the tag sends a modulated signal containing its ID back to the reader. These tags are much smaller and less expensive than active tags, often costing only a few cents. Due to their low cost and compact size, they are widely used in retail, logistics, and consumer goods industries. Despite their affordability, passive tags have limitations in terms of memory capacity and read range. Most passive tags have around 2K of memory, which is sufficient for storing basic information like product IDs but not for complex data. However, with ongoing advancements in microelectronics, future RFID tags are expected to support larger data storage, expanding their functionality and application scope. The communication between passive tags and readers is typically achieved through high-frequency or low-frequency modulation. In low-frequency systems (below 100 MHz), the tag’s capacitor is matched with an inductor coil, and the signal strength changes based on the tag’s ID information. In high-frequency systems (above 100 MHz), the tag uses backscattering to transmit its signal. This involves varying the antenna’s impedance, which allows the reader to detect and decode the signal. Passive tags commonly operate at frequencies like 128 kHz, 13.6 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2.45 GHz, with reading ranges from a few centimeters up to several meters. 2. RFID Applications As RFID technology continues to mature, its applications have expanded across various industries. One of the most common uses is in supply chain management, where it helps streamline inventory tracking, reduce errors, and improve overall efficiency. RFID is also widely used in security systems for access control, asset tracking, and surveillance. 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