Implementation of Rate Matching Algorithm Based on FPGA

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a global standard for 3.9G technology. It utilizes OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) as the core technologies for its wireless network evolution, significantly enhancing system bandwidth [1]. Rate matching plays a critical role in LTE systems, as the quality of its design directly impacts overall system performance [2]. In LTE, rate matching refers to the process of either puncturing or repeating bits on the transport channel to align with the capacity of the physical channel. When the number of input bits exceeds the physical channel's capacity, some bits are removed through puncturing. Conversely, if the input does not meet the required capacity, the data is repeated to match the available space. Depending on the coding method used, rate matching can be categorized into convolutional coding-based and Turbo coding-based approaches. FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is well-suited for digital signal processing tasks due to its high performance and flexibility. Implementing ping-pong operations using FPGA can greatly improve the speed and efficiency of data processing [3]. **1 Rate Matching Algorithm** **1.1 Overall Process of Rate Matching** In the LTE system, the rate matching process based on Turbo coding involves several key steps, as illustrated in Figure 1. The main stages include sub-block interleaving, bit collection, bit selection, and pruning [4].

**2.2 FPGA Implementation of Ping-Pong Front Control Module** After passing through the Turbo encoder, the data is temporarily stored in three RAMs. When the enable signal Rate_Match_En in the rate matching module is activated, all modules begin their operation. If the start signal Control_Start of the ping-pong front control module is high and the number of received code blocks is even, the start signal InterleaverA_Start of the sub-block interleaver A module is triggered, allowing it to read data from the external RAM and perform sub-block interleaving. Otherwise, the start signal InterleaverB_Start of the sub-block interleaver B module is activated, and it reads data from the external RAM to perform the same operation. This mechanism enables the ping-pong operation, ensuring efficient and continuous data processing.
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