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Drawing 2D and 3D graphics and other graphical control functions based on Matlab
Matlab offers powerful plotting capabilities that make it a popular choice for visualizing data. One of its key features is the ability to generate high-level graphics with minimal effort. Users can create 2D and 3D plots by simply providing basic parameters, without needing to handle complex drawing details. In addition, Matlab provides low-level functions that allow direct manipulation of graphic objects through their handles. This enables precise control over elements like axes, lines, and text.
This chapter introduces the use of high-level plotting functions for creating 2D and 3D graphs, as well as other graphical control tools. It also covers low-level operations that let users modify and interact with individual graphical components.
### Two-Dimensional Plotting
Two-dimensional plots represent data points on a plane using coordinate systems such as Cartesian, logarithmic, or polar. These plots serve as the foundation for more advanced visualizations.
#### Basic Function for 2D Curve Plotting
The most commonly used function in Matlab for drawing 2D curves is `plot`. It allows you to draw linear graphs by specifying x and y coordinates.
**Basic Syntax:**
```matlab
plot(x, y)
```
Here, `x` and `y` are vectors of equal length containing the coordinates of the points to be plotted.
**Example 1:**
To plot a curve over the interval [0, 2Ï€], you can run:
```matlab
x = 0:pi/100:2*pi;
y = 2*exp(-0.5*x).*sin(2*pi*x);
plot(x, y);
```
This will generate a damped sine wave.
**Example 2:**
For parametric equations, you can define `x` and `y` based on a parameter `t`:
```matlab
t = -pi:pi/100:pi;
x = t.*cos(3*t);
y = t.*sin(t).*sin(t);
plot(x, y);
```
This creates a spiral-like pattern.
In real applications, the `plot` function can handle multiple sets of data. For instance:
```matlab
x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 100);
plot(x, sin(x), x, 2*sin(x), x, 3*sin(x));
```
This draws three sine curves with different amplitudes.
When working with matrices, each column represents a separate curve:
```matlab
A = pascal(5);
plot(A);
```
This will plot each column of the matrix as a separate line.
#### Customizing Line Styles and Colors
Matlab allows you to customize the appearance of your plots using options like line styles, colors, and markers. For example:
```matlab
plot(x, y1, 'k:', x, y2, 'b--', x1, y3, 'rp');
```
Here, `'k:'` specifies a black dashed line, `'b--'` a blue dotted line, and `'rp'` red pentagrams for data points.
#### Dual Y-Axis Plotting
For cases where two datasets have different scales, the `plotyy` function can be used to plot them on separate y-axes:
```matlab
plotyy(x, y1, x, y2);
```
This is particularly useful when comparing two different sets of data that require distinct scaling.