This article reports on the Global Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Summit (GAIR) and is published in the 35th issue of China Economic Weekly 2016. Reporters Xu Hao and Zou Shilan.

With the rapid development of new-generation information technologies such as big data and cloud computing and the increasing application demand for intelligent applications, this year's “Alfa Dog” has pushed the topic of artificial intelligence to a new level of popularity. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology is not only reflected in the mysterious robot field, but also its development and application in people's daily life.

On August 12th, the Global Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Summit (GAIR) organized by the Chinese Computer Society and hosted by Lei Feng Network (searched by "Lei Feng Net" public number ) was held in Shenzhen a few days ago. The GAIR Summit was "Integrated Production, Study and Research". As the theme, experts from the field of artificial intelligence and robotics at home and abroad have demonstrated the advancement and successful application of artificial intelligence. Experts said that in the future, robots should focus more on intelligence, and the medical and financial fields will become a “tuyere” for artificial intelligence applications.

Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Artificial Intelligence Development

Tree climbing robots, pet robots, calligraphic robots, service robots... Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Xu Yangsheng, principal of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) introduced their own robots in video mode, which greatly acclaimed the audience. Xu Yangsheng said, "Robots must go smart, artificial intelligence must go smart, and must go into millions of households, otherwise this revolution cannot be done." He said that robots learn to perceive and cognize beyond the actions of “whether or not to wear clothes” and “what to wear”, “smart is more important than action”.

So how is artificial intelligence step by step "smart"? Jinshan Software CEO Zhang Hongjiang, former president of Microsoft Asia Engineering Academy, said that when artificial intelligence practitioners see artificial intelligence as a phenomenal breakthrough, they should pay more attention to its back end and not only focus on the rapid progress of the algorithm itself. What's more important is the big data and cloud computing that support this algorithm. "The Go game software Alpha Go 4 to 1 victory over Go world champion Li Shishi, you may say that the algorithm has progressed a lot, but I think the more important is the progress of big data, supercomputing and cloud computing." Zhang Hongjiang said.

He explained that before the game, Alpha Go used 3,000 pieces of data to train with humans from six to nine players. The amount of training was quite large, and he could play chess with himself without emotion, and he got 3,000 in the middle. More than 10,000 points of data are difficult for human players to do. Its computing resources are more than 1900 CPUs and more than 280 GPUs, and its energy consumption is more than 300 times that of people. With powerful resources, robot learning is so fast that it finally beats the human world champion. The progress of artificial intelligence is largely due to the progress of the calculations.

“The history of the development of face recognition technology is the face database plus the history of the expansion of computing power.” Zhang Hongjiang stated that the global consumption data will increase by 10 times from 2013 to 2020, and this requires storage space and calculation volume. Very large, "data explosion" supported the development of artificial intelligence.

The prospects for artificial intelligence related industries are huge. Zhang Hongjiang stated that the global public cloud market has grown at a growth rate of 25% from 2010 to 44 billion US dollars by 2014. Cloud computing service providers, gaming clouds, video clouds, and smart hardware will all see rapid growth. Behind the leaps and bounds of artificial intelligence is the rapid development of algorithms, big data, and cloud computing. In the future, smart devices and robots, their brains are actually in the "cloud."

"The so-called modernization is liberating the human body, and artificial intelligence will liberate the human mind and brain. The era of artificial intelligence will surely come." Xu Yangsheng said that many people's intelligence is distributed, why can't the intelligence of robots be distributed? Where do you go? Many years ago, scientists began to discuss the issue of distributed intelligence. However, it was difficult to do this before. With the rapid advancement of technology, research in this area can now be conducted. It is worth pondering whether the robot's intelligence should be distributed in the cloud or share intelligence.

Application of "damp" will be medical and financial

Professor Michael Wooldridge, head of the Department of Computer Science at Oxford University, and Yang Qiang, a professor at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, believe that the next “portfolio” in artificial intelligence applications will be in the medical and financial fields, and that cross-border integration will promote the popularization and development of artificial intelligence. .

"The next challenge for AI is to tie together different aspects. First of all, there must be very sophisticated procedures." Michael Wooldridge said that many people in the United Kingdom, the United States, and China use smart bracelets that can monitor people's heart rate, blood sugar, How many steps are taken, etc. All this information is given to the AI ​​and can be used to achieve some healthy applications. In the United Kingdom, one view is that the biggest application is in medicine. Cases of the British National Medical System, including all British case data and medication records. "The AI ​​mentioned today can be applied to the medical field and it really brings new discoveries for the entire medical industry. So I think the next hurdle should be in the medical field."

Yang Qiang said that he is more optimistic about finance. A long time ago, many people recorded all the entire business processes. Digital methods were used here, but they were useless there. He believes that the commercial success of artificial intelligence is as good as the system.

Professor Wang Tianmiao, a professor at the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and head of the National 863 Robotics Subject Technical Expert Group, said that there are three main directions for China to promote the development of artificial intelligence: First, separate original research and industry, and the original research cannot be too eager for immediate results. Emphasis on technology; Second, in the field of industrial robots in the main battlefield, and even the future of scientific research, the country should support; Third, we must promote the transformation of results, promote the capital market, private capital market deployment, and optimize the automatic allocation to promote artificial intelligence .

"China has an inherent advantage in the AI ​​field. First, the number of channels and data available to obtain data in the country is much higher than the world average, and the cost of manual data labeling is relatively low. The future of artificial intelligence is: AI + software + hardware + Service = robots, but the core problem of robots is cost control, and now only China has the ability to reduce this cost. These are China's most obvious advantages in the field of artificial intelligence." Chee-Cheo CEO Fu Sheng said.

Interview with Wang Tianmiao, the leader of the Robotics Subject Committee of the National 863 Program:

How does artificial intelligence develop industrially?

“China Economic Weekly”: With the development of artificial intelligence, we are also encountering more and more ethical considerations. For example, no matter how smart the machine is, whether some decisions are what they can do for us, and some decisions are that they cannot help What we do?

Wang Tianmiao: This question is very important and difficult. This involves a more serious issue of social ethics laws. When artificial intelligence thinking is combined with machines, it may involve some new ethics. For example, this robot can't casually hurt people. There are still some ethical issues and legal issues that need to be restrained.

Now that some robots help doctors make some decision analysis, people decide whether it has this ability to help doctors make decisions. When the future data is large enough, can it make decisions? However, there are several things that are currently considered that machines cannot replace people. For example, the first thing is the adaptability of the environment. This machine is currently difficult to achieve; the second person's imagination, creativity, and machine For a long time, it is impossible to substitute; there is also something like the ethical emotion of human beings, which is the human species. However, in terms of memory, category classification, reasoning, etc., the ability of intelligent computing is too strong. This aspect has already shown strong capabilities.

"China Economic Weekly": The development of artificial intelligence in China is very fast, but how far are we from the international level?

Wang Tianmiao: This issue is very challenging. I think it may be about 10 years. China's development level and international development level is precisely because of the development of Internet mobile technology, we can learn new knowledge and technology as quickly as possible. The industrial structure is being adjusted, so it is very difficult to compare from the whole industry. Overall, China and Germany, Japan, and the United States have high levels of high-end smart intelligence. However, there is one point: The state attaches importance to it. The national policy is more tensioned, and it is even more capable of releasing the Chinese people's creativity.

Looking back, we can see that there is no difference between Caterpillar Construction Machinery and Sany Construction Machinery. Our color TV sets, TCL and Changhong, are no different than foreign ones. So we have to look at the historical process. China is very explosive. The future development is actually the combination of the Internet, big data, robotics, and artificial intelligence. China still has a lot of opportunities.

China Economic Weekly: From a policy and industry perspective, what path should China use to promote the development of artificial intelligence?

Wang Tianmiao: From the perspective of artificial intelligence and the development of robots, my understanding is to distinguish the original research from industrial development in the first place. This kind of thing cannot be too eager for quick success and instant benefit, but also needs “market” for “thesis”; Another industry-related thing is to emphasize technology. Any good or bad depends on its impact on the economy and development. I think this is particularly important. In the second aspect, for the national economy, the main battlefield industrial robot market is even oriented towards future scientific research, and the state should support it. In the third aspect, we must promote the transformation of the results, promote the capital market, and promote the deployment of private capital markets. We very much hope that the private capital market can be automatically deployed. Another important point is to consider talented people.

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