The space segment plays a crucial role in satellite communication systems and is primarily composed of satellites along with ground-based infrastructure. This includes the Ground Satellite Control Center (SCC), which is responsible for monitoring, controlling, and managing satellite operations. Additionally, Tracking, Telemetry, and Command Stations (TT&C) are essential for maintaining contact with satellites, collecting data, and sending commands. At the heart of each satellite is the communication subsystem, which is typically a transponder. Modern transponders have evolved significantly over the years, offering not only high gain but also advanced functionalities such as signal processing, frequency conversion, and dynamic channel switching. These capabilities allow satellites to efficiently handle large volumes of data, support multiple users simultaneously, and adapt to changing network demands. As a result, modern satellite systems are more versatile, reliable, and capable of meeting the growing needs of global communication networks.